Calvin; Neil's Brain
Book	Page		Topic
Calvin; Neil's Brain	52		PET images, seeing words, hearing words, speaking words, generating words - (illustrations)
Calvin; Neil's Brain	60		Woodrow Wilson suffered a right-brain stroke during the Versailles Conference just after World War I. It did not paralyze him, but his fellow statesmen noticed that his personality seemed to change overnight; he became harsh and vindictive, whereas earlier he had been farsighted and consolatory. He also became more socially outgoing rather than showing his usual reticence. Then a few weeks later, he suffered another stroke that paralyzed his left side.		8
Calvin; Neil's Brain	60		Woodrow Wilson couldn't argue effectively for League of Nations membership before Congress.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	60		Woodrow Wilson had suffered a series of strokes, starting at age 39 when he was a history professor at Princeton.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	61		By far the strangest aspect of right parietal lobe damage is what neurologist now call "denial of illness."		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	61		When Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas suffered a right brain stroke in 1974, he denied his illness, even issuing a press release that suggested his left arm had been injured in a fall.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	62		Many other features, such as defective body image, are associated with the right brain damage.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	62		Right brain winds up with what is seen by both eyes on the left side of the visual world.  Some patients with right brain strokes tend to ignore anything on the left side of the visual world.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	65		Unusually good function of the right brain is said to characterize those who excel in the visual arts: painters, sculptors, architects, moviemakers.		3
Calvin; Neil's Brain	65		Deaf patients using sign language    are just as impaired with left-brain strokes as the rest of us,    and their sign language is just as unimpaired by a right-brain strokes as ours is.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	65		People have wondered if the pictographs of some Asian languages involve the right brain.  But a language, no matter how it is implemented, seems to be a language -- even for pictographs or hand gestures.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	65		Some emotional aspects of prosody --    the way your voice  rises at the beginning of a question or falls at the end of a sentence --    are affected by right brain strokes.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	65		People with right-brain strokes    sometimes talk in a more monotone    than they did before.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	66		Right-brain strokes and left-brain strokes have different symptoms.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	66		Left-brain for language,    right brain for spatial skills.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	66		For every patient who has bilateral or right brain language, they are 13 with left brain language.  Yet, lateralization of spatial skills to the right brain is not the reverse.  Nothing there is a strongly lateralized as even six to one.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	68		Right temporal lobe    is interested in faces.		2
Calvin; Neil's Brain	70		Right cerebral hemisphere --    extracts facial features;    associates features with biography; proper names.  (diagram)		2
Calvin; Neil's Brain	70		Reading the emotional state of another member of your species is probably more important for sexual selection than for staying alive.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	71		A series of steps in recognizing a face as a familiar person.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	71		One of the higher-order visual areas,    running along the underside of the temporal lobe,    is particularly good at extracting facial features    such as eyebrows.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	71		Front of the temporal lobe    is thought to be involved with storing biographical information    and proper names.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	71		An association area in the temporal lobe relates facial features to biographical information.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	71		Although areas of the brain have specialties, information is usually stored redundantly over a wide area.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	71		Removing the front end of one temporal lobe still leaves the other temporal tip.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	72		Right-brain mechanisms in mathematics; extremely gifted in mathematics, regardless of schooling or environmental emphasis, most of whom are male.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	72		Patients with Broca's aphasia can often say words that they can't speak.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	72		Music    depends on both sides of the brain.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	72		Disturbance of musical abilities    in professional musicians    usually takes left-brain damage.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	73		As you gain proficiency in music,    it is increasingly organized like a language,    dependent on your left brain.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	73		Activity in neurons in the temporal lobe    while patients listen to music.    Short recordings of classical music caused activity to decrease.     Classical music may be soothing.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	73		In music with a pronounced rhythm,    activity of some neurons was entrained by the beat,    just as if the neurons were clapping in unison.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	73		In rock music with a heavy beat,    the activity of neurons usually increases,    and their firing patterns become more emphatic.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	73		Some researchers, commenting half-seriously about rock music, say that neurons are firing in the "bursting" pattern    reminiscent of that seen in recordings from epileptic areas.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	73		Language    is not solely a function of the left hemisphere,    but the changes after right-brain strokes are more subtle    than the dramatic language changes seen in left-brain strokes.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	73		When you hear a sentence,    you have to make a mental model    for what that string of sounds represents.     A full understanding of an utterance    may well involve many right-brain functions.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	73		Spontaneous speech    of right-brain stroke patients    is often rambling.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	74		Left-brain strokes causing aphasia.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	74		While the left brain may be more involved with the building blocks of language, the right brain is quite helpful in interpreting it all.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	79		Paul's vision on the road to Damascus;    van Gogh;    Jonathan Swift, Gulliver's Travels;    Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland;    possible temporal lobe epileptics.		5
Calvin; Neil's Brain	79		Grand mal -- generalized seizures    start out the same way as focal seizures,    but they recruit more circuitry    and progress farther through the brain.     Patient will stiffen all over.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	80		To form generalized seizures,    focal seizures co-opt the selective attention circuitry.    Some neurons seem to have connections to everywhere,     such as those neural circuits that help keep you awake and alert.    Seizure spreads into that system and then gets broadcast everywhere.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	81		Selective attention seems like a spotlight,    highlighting some aspects of the sensory environment while keeping others in the background.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	81		Selective attention    is perhaps the closest we will come    to finding one system in the brain    that determines the current content    of our conscious experience.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	81		Various parts of the frontal lobe and brainstem are used in orienting toward a stimulus.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	81		Staying alert    for a particular type of stimulus.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	82		Both anterior and posterior attention systems    have many subcortical partners in doing their job,    especially in the thalamus.     Brainstem mechanisms for arousal from sleep    are a fairly general system,    but the system in the thalamus is more specific.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	85		Paying attention conflicts with recalling things from short-term memory.		3
Calvin; Neil's Brain	86		Immediate working memory,    short-term post-distractional memory,    and long-term consolidated memory    seem to involve different brain mechanisms.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	86		When selective attention is not directing you toward the external world, you can browse through memories, either in search of something specific, or more free-form retrieval called fantasy or daydreaming.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	87		Defective functions in the selective attention circuits seem to be the basis for attention deficit syndrome.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	87		In attention deficit syndrome,    a child has difficulty sustaining attention.    This might involve selective attention circuits passing through the left thalamus.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	87		In autism,    there is an overall limitation in attending to the external environment,    especially in attending to the presence of other people    and perhaps to verbal information.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	87		Autism is coupled with severe distractibility    and an intense focusing of intention    on a limited selection of environmental features.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	87		Many autistic children    are also mentally retarded.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	87		Sometimes autism    is a result of brain damage    in early life.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	87		Autism seems to have a genetic components.    Maternal twins are likely to be autistic;    fraternal twins are not.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	89		Dendrites of each neuron    rise up through a few layers of the cortex    connecting with many different input sources.		2
Calvin; Neil's Brain	89		Each neuron    is a node    where thousands of circuits converge.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	89		Each neuron    sums-up    thousands of influences on its dendrites    and responds by sending out signals on its axon.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	89		The fourth layer gets most of its inputs from the thalamus.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	90		Paths in and out of the cerebral cortex - (illustration)		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	90		Layer IV is typically the input layer.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	90		Layers V and VI are typically output layers.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	90		Layers I - III provide interconnections, sideways connections.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	92		Corticocortical connections are organized in columns; corpus callosum - (illustration)		2
Calvin; Neil's Brain	92		About 148,000 neurons beneath a square millimeter of cortical surface;    organized into minicolumns    of about 100 neurons each,    which are sometimes organized into macrocolumns    of about 300 minicolumns.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	93		Korbinian Brodmann    early in the 20th century    defined 52 cortical areas    based upon neuron size    and relative thickness    of the cortical layers.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	94		Cortex diagram of pyramidal neurons - (illustration)		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	105		Temporal summation    and spatial summation    of neuron inputs - (illustration)		11
Calvin; Neil's Brain	106		Inhibitory synapses oppose excitatory synapses. Inhibitory typically have a pore that doesn't pass sodium ions, just potassium or chloride ions; resulting in a potential that opposes the excitatory.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	106		About 40% of a neuron's inputs are inhibitory.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	106		It's all a balancing act    between excitatory and inhibitory.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	107		More than a dozen types    of pores into neurons.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	107		When neurons become active,    they need more oxygen and glucose.    Measure the increased blood flow    with PET scans    and functional MRI.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	108		Temporary changes    in synaptic strength    such as synaptic depression and facilitation    probably underlie our fading short-term memories.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	108		Following a burst of impulses, any pulse in the next minute or so may release more than the standard amount of neurotransmitter. When longer times and more impulses are involved, it can lead to Long Term Potentiation (LTP).		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	108		Some short-term changes provide the scaffoling for making permanent changes.		0
Calvin; Neil's Brain	226		Association cortex --    all the neocortex except for the primary sensory and motor areas.		118
Calvin; Neil's Brain	227		Coherence between different brain areas,    higher frequency range about 25 to 70 Hz,    links together the separate areas.		1
Calvin; Neil's Brain	282		Hebbian cell assembly --    spatiotemporal pattern of neuronal activity.		55